“六一”儿童节

六一国际儿童节（又称儿童节，International Children's Day），它是保障世界各国儿童的生存权、保健权和受教育权，为了改善儿童的生活，为了反对虐杀儿童和毒害儿童的节日。大多数国家通常定为每年的6月1日。目前，各国政府普遍关注儿童的未来，保护儿童的权益。联合国1990年通过的《儿童权利公约》，我国是参与制定国和签约国之一。在批准《儿童权利公约》的同一年，我国颁布了《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》，这对维护少年儿童的权益起到了积极的作用。
　　六一儿童节，也叫“六一国际儿童节”，每年的6月1日举行，是全世界少年儿童的节日。
　　1942年6月，德国法西斯枪杀了捷克利迪策村16岁以上的男性公民140余人和全部婴儿，并把妇女和90名儿童押往集中营。村里的房舍、建筑物均被烧毁，好端端的一个村庄就这样被德国法西斯给毁了。
　　为了悼念利迪策村和全世界所有在法西斯侵略战争中死难的儿童，1949年11月，国际民主妇女联合会在莫斯科举行理事会议，中国和各国代表愤怒地揭露了帝国主义分子和各国反动派残杀、毒害儿童的罪行。为了保障世界各国儿童的生存权、保健权和受教育权，为了改善儿童的生活，会议决定以每年的6月1日为国际儿童节。
　　在此以前，世界上的许多国家就有儿童节。1925年，国际儿童幸福促进会倡议建立儿童纪念日，英国、美国、日本等国积极响应，先后建立了自己国家的儿童节，英国规定每年的7月14日为儿童节，美国规定5月1日为儿童节。日本的儿童节很特殊，分男女儿童节，男儿童节5月5日、女儿童节3月3日。我国在1931年也曾经规定4月4日为中国儿童节。
　　自从1949年确立6月1日为国际儿童节以后，世界各国纷纷废除原来的儿童节，而统一为"六一国际儿童节"。我国中央政府1949年12月宣布：以"六一国际儿童节"代替原来的"四四儿童节"，并规定少年儿童放假一天或七天。目前世界上许多国家都将6月1日定为儿童的节日，尤其是在社会主义国家。在欧美国家，儿童节的日期各不相同，而且往往很少举行社会公众性的庆祝活动.往往有人误解为只有社会主义国家才将6月1日定为儿童节，事实上，在近年，美国的一些组织也开始考虑将儿童节定在6月1日。
　　Children, also known as "June 1 International Children's Day," the annual June 1, the world of children's festivals. November 1949, the Women's International Democratic Federation council meeting held in Moscow. China and other countries and representatives of countries and anger exposed the imperialist reactionaries kill and poison children. In order to protect the world's children to survival, health and education, to improve the lives of children. The meeting decided in the annual June 1 International Children's Day.
　　The International Children's Day (ICD) is celebrated in numerous countries, usually (but not always) on June 1 each year.
　　The ICD had its origin in the World Conference for the Wellbeing of Children in Geneva, Switzerland in 1925. It is not clear as to why June 1 was chosen as the ICD: one theory has it that the Chinese consul-general in San Francisco (USA) gathered a number of Chinese orphans to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in 1925, which happened to be on June 1 that year, and also coincided with the conference in Geneva.
　　June 1 has since been observed as the ICD by numerous countries, especially by Communist countries; in the Western world the ICD is usually celebrated on other days of the year (if at all), and there is often little public awareness about these celebrations. (See the section on Germany below for further discussions.) Consequently there is sometimes a misperception that June 1 as the ICD was a Communist invention. Nonetheless, in recent years even some groups within the United States started observing the ICD on June 1.